This example specifies SMTP parameters to send e-mail using a remote SMTP server and user  that are importent. This program shows configuration process-

Bullet style allow u choose the style of the element that precedes the item.here u can choose numbers, squares, or circles.here child items can be rendered as plain text, hyperlinks, or buttons.

This example uses a custom image that requires to be placed in a virtual directory on the server.

This control enables you to build a sequence of steps that are displayed to the

end users side. It is alos used either display or gather information in small steps in system.

Page_Load():-

>>Simplified development: 

ASP.NET offers a very rich object model that developers can use to reduce the amount of code they need to write.

>>Web services:

Create Web services that can be consumed by any client that understands HTTP and

XML,  the de facto language for inter-device communication.

>>Performance:

When ASP.NET page is first requested, it is compiled and cached, or saved in memory, by

the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). This cached copy can then be re-used for

each subsequent request for the page. Performance is thereby improved because after

the first request, the code can run from a much faster compiled version.

>>Language independence

>>Simplified deployment

>>Cross-client capability

Using Cookies in web pages is very useful for temporarily storing small amounts of data, for the website to use. These Cookies are small text files that are stored on the user\'s computer, which the web site can read for information; a web site can also write new cookies.

An example of using cookies efficiently would be for a web site to tell if a user has already logged in. The login information can be stored in a cookie on the user\'s computer and read at any time by the web site to see if the user is currently logged in. This enables the web site to display information based upon the user\'s current status - logged in or logged out. 

Process is a program in execution where thread is a seprate part of execution in the program.

Thread is a part of process. process is the collection of thread. 

DLL: Its a Dynamic Link Library .There are many entry points. The system loads a DLL into the context of an existing thread. Dll cannot Run on its own

EXE: Exe Can Run On its own.exe is a executable file.When a system launches new exe, a new process is created.The entry thread is called in context of main thread of that process.

In ASP.Net when any unhandled exception accurs in application then an event occures,that event called Error event.Two types of Event:

1. Page_Error:When exception occures in a page then this event raised.

2. Application_error:Application_Error event raised when unhandled exceptions in the ASP.NET application and is implemented in global.asax.

The error event have two method:

1. GetLastError: Returns the last exception that occurred on the server.

2. ClearError: This method clear error and thus stop the error to trigger subsequent error event.

1. Page level variable:String ,int ,float.

2. Object level variable:Session level, Application level.

Profile object:

1. Profile object is persistent.

2. Its uses the provider model to store information.

3. Strongly typed

4. Anonymous users used mostly.

Session object:

1. Session object is non-persistant.

2. Session object uses the In Proc, Out Of Process or SQL Server Mode to store information.

3. Not strongly typed.

4. Only allowed for authenticated users.

The default Expiration Period for Session is 20 minutes.

The default Expiration Period for Cookie is 30 minutes.

The maximum size of the viewstate is 25% of the page size

The Global.asax file, can be stored in root directory and accesible for web-sites,is an optional file.This Global.asax file contained in HttpApplicationClass.we can declare global variables like variables used in master pages because these variables can be used for different pages right.Importent feature is that its provides more security in comparision to other.

It handle two event:

1.Application-level  

2.Session-level events.

Global.asax File itself configured but it can not be accessed.while one request is in processing it is impossible to send another request, we can not get response for other request and even we can not start a new session.

while adding this Global.asax file to our application by default it contains five methods,

Those methods are:

1.Application_Start.

2.Application_End.

3.Session_Start.

4.Session_End.

5.Application_Error.

GAC(Global Assembly Cache) for an effective sharing of assemblies.GAC refers to the machine-wide code cache in any of the computers that have been installed with common language runtime.Global Assembly Cache in .NET Framework acts as the central place for private registering assemblies.

\"gacutil.exe\" utility used to add assembly in GAC

There are three types of state:

1. View state: Under the client-side state managment.The ViewState property provides a dictionary object for retaining values between multiple requests for the same page. When an ASP.NET page is processed, the current state of the page and controls is hashed into a string and saved in the page as a hidden field. 

2. Application state:Under the server side state managment. ASP.NET allows you to save values using application state, a global storage mechanism that is accessible from all pages in the Web application. Application state is stored in the Application key/value dictionary.

3. Session state:Under server side state managment . ASP.NET allows you to save values using session state, a storage mechanism that is accessible from all pages requested by a single Web browser session.

This is passible to at a time many request occures.State management is the process by which maintained state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages.

Two types of State Managment:

1. Client side state managment:This stores information on the client\'s computer by embedding the information into a Web page,uniform resource locator(url), or a cookie.

2. Server side state managment: There are two state Application State,Session State. 

An authentication system is how you identify yourself to the computer. The goal behind an authentication system is to verify that the user is actually who they say they are.

Once the system knows who the user is through authentication, authorization is how the system decides what the user can do.

Client side state managment have:

a. Stores information on the client\'s computer by embedding the information into a Web page.

b. A uniform resource locator(url).

c. Cookie.

To store the state information at the client end terms are:

1. View State:It is used by the Asp.net page framework to automatically save the values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to the page.Asp.Net uses View State to track the values in the Controls. You can add custom values to the view state.

2. Control State:When user create a custom control that requires view state to work properly, you should use control state to ensure other developers dont break your control by disabling view state.

3. Hidden fields:Like view state, hidden fields store data in an HTML form without displaying it in the user\'s browser. The data is available only when the form is processed.

4. Cookies: Cookies store a value in the user\'s browser that the browser sends with every page request to the same server. Cookies are the best way to store state data that must be available for multiple Web pages on a web site.

5. Query Strings: Query strings store values in the URL that are visible to the user. Use query strings when you want a user to be able to e-mail or instant message state data with a URL.

Sever side state managment provied Better security,Reduced bandwidth.

1. Application State: This State information is available to all pages, regardless of which user requests a page.

2. Session State Session State information is available to all pages opened by a user during a single visit.

Session Identifier is :

1. To identify session. 

2. It has SessionID property.

3. When a page is requested, browser sends a cookie with a session identifier. 

4. Session identifier is used by the web server to determine if it belongs to an existing session or not. If not, then Session ID is generated by the web server and sent along with the response.  

Advantages:

1. It is easy to implement.

2. Ensures platform scalability,works in the multi-process configuration.

3. Ensures data durability, since session state retains data even if ASP.NET work process restarts as data in Session State is stored in other process space. 

Disadvatages:

1. It is not advisable to use session state when working with large sum of data.Because Data in session state is stored in server memory.

2. Too many variables in the memory effect performance. Because session state variable stays in memory until you destroy it.   

ASP.NET supports three Session State modes.

1. InProc:This mode stores the session data in the ASP.NET worker process and fastest among all of the storage modes.Its Also effects performance if the amount of data to be stored is large.

2. State Server:This mode maintained on a different system and session state is serialized and stored in memory in a separate process.

State Server mode is serialization and de-serialization of objects. State Server mode is slower than InProc mode as this stores data in an external process.

3. SQL Server:This mode can be used in the web farms and reliable and secures storage of a session state.In this storage mode, the Session data is serialized and stored in a database table in the SQL Server database.

The following are the 2 important parts of a master page

1. The Master Page itself

2. One or more Content Pages

The file extention for Master Page is \".master\".

The master page is identified by a special @ Master directive that replaces the @ Page directive that is used for ordinary .aspx pages.

MasterPageFile attribute of a content page\'s @ Page directive is used to bind a Content Page to a Master Page.

Use the FindControl() method as shown in the code sample below.

Globalization is the process of creating an application that meets the needs of users from multiple cultures.

This process involves translating the user interface elements of an application into multiple languages, using the correct currency, date and time format, calendar, writing direction, sorting rules, and other issues. 

Detect and redirect approach : In this approach we create a separate Web application for each supported culture, and then detect the users culture and redirect the request to the appropriate application. This approach is best for applications with lots of text content that requires translation and few executable components.

Run-time adjustment approach : In this approach we create a single Web application that detects the users culture and adjusts output at run time using format specifiers and other tools. This approach is best for simple applications that present limited amounts of content.

Satellite assemblies approach : In this approach we create a single Web application that stores culture-dependent strings in resource files that are compiled into satellite assemblies. At run time, detect the users culture and load strings from the appropriate assembly. This approach is best for applications that generate content at run time or that have large executable components.

The advantage of Windows authentication:

1. Web application can use the exact same security that applies to your corporate network like user names, passwords, and permissions.

2. To access the Web application users logged on to the network. It is importent that user does\'nt logged on again.

Using the User objects Identity property. The Identity property returns an object that includes the user name and role information, as shown in the following code:

The User object provides an IsInRole method to determine the role of the current user, as shown in the following example:

1. Grid layout:  Pages using grid layout will not always display correctly in non-Microsoft browsers,and controls are placed exactly where they draw.It means they have absolute positions on the page. Use grid layout for Microsoft Windows style applications, in which controls are not mixed with large amounts of text.

2. Flow layout: Controls relative to other elements on the page.

Controls that appear after the new element move down if you add elements at run time.

Flow layout for document-style applications, in which text and controls are intermingled.

We use literals control if we want to typed text using HTML formating and without using property.We typed HTML code in .cs file when used literals.

Lable control when displayed already formated.Typed text can not be formated in .cs file.

Smart navigation is, cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

1. Server.Transfer() performs server side redirection of the page avoiding extra round trip. While The Response. Redirect() method can be used to redirect the browser to specified url.

2. Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.

1. A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views. 

2. A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source. 

3. Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand. 

1. Structs cannot be inherited. 

2. Structs are passed by value, not by reference. 

3. Struct is stored on the stack, not the heap.

Its an application thats running and had been allocated memory. 

Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down. 

.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services. 

1. Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control both ends of the application involved in the communication process.  2. Web Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of informaion.  Web Services are best when you need to communicate with an external organization or another (non-.NET) technology.

This process is known as marshaling. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. We can say that It is a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. 

1. They can be marshaled across the application domains.

2. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where  just a reference to an existing object is passed. 

A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease. 

It can be done via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config. 

System.String is immutable.  System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed. 

We use the sealed keyword to prevent the class from being inherited. 

1. A class that cannot be instantiated.

2. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and have the methods overridden.

3. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class without any implementation

1. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.  

2. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been overridden.  

They all must be public, and are therefore public by default. 

1. In an interface class, all methods are abstract and there is no implementation.  In an abstract class some methods can be concrete.

2. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are allowed.  An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers. 

The data type of the value parameter is defined by whatever data type the property is declared as. 

The method or property can be overridden.