A bacterium is capable of withstanding extreme heat, dryness and toxic chemicals. This indicates that it is probably above to form
1.Endotoxins
2.Endospores
3.A thick peptidoglycan wall
4.Endogenous buds
A bacterium which is capable of utilizing the most abundantly available gas in the atmosphere for one of its metabolic pathways, but cannot utilize the second most abundantly available for its another
1.Azotobacter
2.Clostridium
3.Rhodomicrobium
4.Xanthomonas
A T-series bacteriophage can be recognized by its
1.irregular shape
2.rounded shape
3.tadpole shape
4.rhomboidal shape
An example for symbiotic bacteria
1.Xanthomonas campestris
2.Rhizobium leguminosarum
3.Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4.Erwinia amylovora
An example of endomycorrhizal is
1.Agaricus
2.Glomus
3.Nostoc
4.Rhizobium
Bacteria with flagella all over the body is
1.Peritrichous
2.Monotrichous
3.Amphitrichous
4.None of the above
Bacteriophages kill
1.Fungi
2.Parasites
3.Bacteria
4.Viruses
Cauliflower mosaic virus contains
1.ds DNA
2.ds RNA
3.ss RNA
4.ss DNA
Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is made up of
1.Murein
2.Cellulose
3.Lipid and protein
4.Cellulose and lipid
Certain bacteria living in the soil poor in oxygen, convert nitrates into nitrites and then to free nitrogen and such bacteria are termed as
1.Nitrogen fixing bacteria
2.Denitrifying bacteria
3.Ammonifying bacteria
4.Saprophytic bacteria
Chromosomes in a bacterial cell can be 1 - 3 in number and
1.can be either circular or linear, but never both within the same cell
2.can be circular as well as linear within the same cell
3.are always linear
4.are always circular
DNA is not present in one of the following
1.Bacteriophage
2.Tobacco Mosaic Virus
3.Chloroplast
4.Mitochondria
dsRNA is found in
1.Influenza virus
2.Retrovirus
3.Reovirus
4.TMP
Due to discovery of which of the following in 1980, the evolution was termed as RNA world
1.In some virus RNA is genetic material
2.RNA have enzymatic property
3.m-RNA, t-RNA- r-RNA synthesize proteins
4.RNA is not found in all cells
ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key reagent is
1.DNA probe
2.Catalase
3.Alkaline phosphatase
4.RNase
How does enveloped virus enter into host cells?
1.by injecting its own nucleic acid inside the host cells
2.by phagocytosis
3.by contact with ceil receptor and endocytosis
4.None of the above
Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
1.Escherichia
2.Saccharomyces
3.Rhizobium
4.Mycobacterium
Identify the correct pair of events when temperate phages infect bacteria : (I) No prophages are formed. (II) Bacterial cell undergoes many divisions (III) Bacterial cell undergoes immediate lysis
1.II, III
2.I, II
3.III, IV
4.II, IV
In AIDS, HIV kills
1.Bone-Marrow cells
2.Antibody molecule
3.T-Helper cell
4.T-Cytotoxic cell
N-acetylmuramic acid is found in
1.Cell wall component of plant
2.Cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria
3.Cell wall component of fungi
4.Viral coat material
One important characteristic of viruses is that they
1.Have an independent metabolism
2.Can be cultured in a cell-free medium
3.Can multiply outside a living cell
4.Do not have an independent metabolism
Plasmids are most often found in
1.Virus
2.Fungi
3.Bacteria
4.Viroid
Protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called
1.Vector
2.Capsid
3.Plasmid
4.Genome
Provirus is _____.
1.free virus
2.free DNA
3.primitive virus
4.integrated viral genome
Red rot disease of sugarcane is caused by
1.Colletotrichum falcatum
2.Helminthosporium oryzae
3.Xanthomonas
4.Phytophthora infestans
Reproduction in most of the bacteria is by a process known as
1.Binary fission
2.Sexual
3.Sporulation
4.Budding
Specialized cells called heterocysts are present in
1.Dinoflagellates
2.Euglenoids
3.Cyanobacteria
4.Archaebacteria
Tailed bacteriophages are
1.Motile on surface of bacteria
2.Motile on surface of plant leaves
3.Actively motile in water
4.Non-motile
The asexual spores formed by Colletotrichum falcatum, Sphaerotheca and Rhizopus stolonifer are
1.Many celled
2.Rod shaped
3.One celled
4.None of the above
The bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism is
1.A facultative aerobe
2.An obligate anaerobe
3.A facultative anaerobe
4.An obligate aerobe
The genetic material in virus is
1.DNA and RNA
2.DNA
3.DNA or RNA
4.RNA
The Gram negative bacteria detect and respond to chemicals in their surrounding by
1.Lipopolysaccharide
2.Muramic acid
3.Porins
4.Volutin granules
The non-living characteristic of viruses is
1.ability to undergo mutation
2.ability to multiply only inside the host
3.ability to cause diseases in the host
4.ability to be crystallized
The Phages that show lysogenic cycle are called
1.Virulent phages
2.Lytic phages
3.Temperate phages
4.None of the above
The Ti plasmid is often used for making transgenic plants. This plasmid is found in
1.Yeast as a 2 μm plasmid
2.Agrobacterium
3.Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants
4.Azotobacter
Virus are living, because
1.Carry metabolic activity
2.Carry anaerobic respiration
3.Multiply in host cells
4.Cause infection
Virus multiplies in
1.living tissue
2.soil
3.dead tissue
4.culture medium
Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated chromosomes because
1.They both require oxygen for respiration
2.They both need food molecules
3.They require both RNA and DNA
4.Both require the environment of a cell to replicate
What is true about Archaebacteria?
1.All fossils
2.All photosynthetic
3.All Halophiles
4.Oldest living beings
Which of the following groups of organisms are ecologically similar?
1.Consumer protists and fungi
2.Monerans and producer protists
3.Producer protists and consumer protists
4.Monerans and fungi
Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacterium present in the soil?
1.Azotobacter
2.Rhizobium
3.Nitrosomonas
4.Pseudomonas
Which of the following protects the bacteria from the enzymes present in the external medium?
1.Flagella
2.S-layer
3.Slime layer
4.Cell wall
Which of the following statements is not true for retroviruses?
1.Retroviruses are causative agents for certain kinds of cancer in man
2.The genetic material in mature retroviruses is RNA
3.Retroviruses carry gene for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
4.DNA is not present at any stage in the life cycle of retroviruses.
Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
1.All viruses known to man are obligate parasites
2.Viruses are capable of performing metabolic activities on their own
3.Viruses are filterable facultative parasites
4.Some viruses have cellular structure and are saprophytes
Which one of the following enzymes is present in the bacteriophage?
1.Succinic dehydrogenase
2.Lysozyme
3.Protease
4.Urease
Which one of the following is correct about Cosmid?
1.Extra genetic material in mycoplasma
2.Circular DNA found in bacteria
3.Extra DNA in bacteria
4.Fragment of DNA inserted in bacteria for forming copies
Which one of the following viruses contains both DNA and RNA?
1.Cyanophage
2.Herpes Virus
3.Polio Virus
4.Leuko Virus
Which one of the followings is a viral disease?
1.Wilting of cabbage
2.Red rot of sugar cane
3.Leaf roll of potato
4.Damping-off disease of seedlings
Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
1.Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria through virus
2.Bacteria obtained DNA from other external source
3.Bacteria obtained its DNA directly
4.None of the above
Which type of DNA is found in bacteria?
1.Helical DNA
2.Membrane bound DNA
3.Straight DNA
4.Circular free DNA