An Introduction To C++
C++ is an extension to C programming Language. It is developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1980 at AT & T Bell Laboratories. C++ is created as a bridge between Object Oriented Programming Language and C. C++ is an object oriented programming language. C++ fully support Object Oriented Programming language with 4 main concept encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance, and polymorphism. C++ is also called a high level language. C++ programs are reusable and extensible; existing code is easily modifiable without actually having to change the code. C++ also called superset of C. C programs can be run on C++ Compiler. C language uses structure programming language while C++ uses the concept of object oriented programming language. C++ mainly focuses on Classes and Objects.
History Of C++
C++ was designed for the UNIX system
environment. With C++ programmers could improve the quality of code. Before C++,
C was a programming language developed at Bell Labs. There are several versions of the C++
language, of which Visual C++ is only one. Other include Borland C++,
Turbo C++ etc.
C++ supports multiple programming styles. C++ provides more than 30
operators, almost all the operators can be overloaded. C++ gives object oriented
features to C. C++ has many new keywords, such as
new and
class, that may be used in a C program as identifier.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of C++
ADVANTAGES: C++ have advance features than C.
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C++ have the oops concepts that are not in C.
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C++ have the concept of classes and objects.
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C++ have scope resolution operator (::) that is used to access an item hidden in the current scope.
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C++ uses reference variables.
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C++ have the concept of namespaces that reduces collision problem.
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C++ have the concept of operator overloading.
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C++ is high level language. We can add new functions or behaviour easily. Each entity can easily be modified, easily reuse and upgrade.
DISADVANTAGES:
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it's not pure object oriented programming language, because it doesn't support for garbage collection .
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C++ does not provide very strong type-checking.
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C++ is poor in Multitasking.
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Scope is also limited of C++.
Scope Of C++
Kinds of scope in C++:
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local
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function
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namespace
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class
local scope:
A name can have local scope if it is declared in a
block. A name with local scope can be used in that block. But the name must be
declared before it is used.
class scope:
The name of a class member has class scope
and can only be used in the following cases
- In a member function of that class
- In a member function of a class derived from that class
- After the . (dot) operator applied to an instance of that class
- After the :: (scope resolution) operator applied to the name of a class