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Having declared the structure type and the structure variables, let us see how the elements of the structure can be accessed. In arrays we can access individual elements of an array using a subscript. Structures use a different scheme. They use a dot (.) operator. So to refer to pages of the structure defined in our sample program we have to use,
b1.pages
Similarly, to refer to price we would use,
b1.price
Note that before the dot there must always be a structure variable and after the dot there must always be a structure element.
HOW STRUCTURE ELEMENTS ARE STORED
Whatever be the elements of a structure, they are always stored in contiguous memory locations. The following program would illustrate this:
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/* Memory map of structure elements */
main( ) { struct book { char name ; float price ; int pages ; } ; struct book b1 = { 'B', 130.00, 550 } ; printf ( "\nAddress of name = %u", &b1.name ) ; printf ( "\nAddress of price = %u", &b1.price ) ; printf ( "\nAddress of pages = %u", &b1.pages ) ; }; |
Output: Here is the output of the program...
Address of name = 65518
Address of price = 65519
Address of pages = 65523
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