FAQ

Answer: Thread have following three priority

1. Thread.MIN_PRIORITY - minimum thread priority.
2. Thread.MAX_PRIORITY - maximum thread priority.
3. Thread.NORM_PRIORITY - default thread priority.

Answer: The synchronized keyword can be used for locking in program or utilize for lock and free the resource for any thread/program.

Answer: Low-priority Thread.

Answer: Time- slice means which provided threads of equal priority and enable to share a processor equally, even if the thread has not finished executing while the quantum expires, the processor is taken away from that thread and given to the next thread of equal priority, if another thread is available.

Answer: Simple this keyword is refer to the current state of an object and also enable to call a constructor to another constructor.

Answer: String buffer class is belong to mutable class unlike string class is a immutable. So string buffer is have length as well capacity too.

• int capacity() method: used for found current capacity of the String buffer.
• int length() method: used for found length( char count) of an string buffer.

// An example of stringbuffer( length and capacity)
package r4r.co.in;
class StringBufferDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringBuffer x = new StringBuffer("StringBufferDemo");
System.out.println("bufferinput = " + x);
System.out.println("length = " + x.length());
System.out.println("capacity = " + x.capacity());
}

bufferinput = StringBufferDemo
length = 16
capacity = 32

Answer: By equal() method.

Answer: Following interface defined in java.lang.Package are

• Appendable: An object to which char sequences and values can be appended. The Appendable interface must be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to receive formatted output from a Formatter. Appendables are not necessarily safe for multithreaded access. (Introduce since JDK- 1.5 ).
• CharSequence: A CharSequence is a readable sequence of char values. This interface provides uniform, read-only access to many different kinds of char sequences. A char value represents a character in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) or a surrogate.(Introduce since JDK- 1.4 ).
• Cloneable: A class implements the Cloneable interface to indicate to the Object.clone() method that it is legal for that method to make a field-for-field copy of instances of that class. it is important that Cloneable doesn't contain any clone()method.(Introduce since JDK- 1.0 ).
• Comparable<T>: This interface imposes a total ordering on the objects of each class that implements it. This ordering is referred to as the class's natural ordering, and the class's compareTo() method is referred to as its natural comparison method.

  *NOTE: The type of objects that this object may be compared to( Introduce since JDK- 1.2)

• Deprecated: A program element annotated @Deprecated is one that programmers are discouraged from using, typically because it is dangerous, or because a better alternative exists. Compilers warn when a deprecated program element is used or overridden in non-deprecated code.(Introduce since JDK- 1.4 ).
• Iterable<T>: Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of the "foreach" statement .(Introduce since JDK- 1.5 ).
• Override: Indicates that a method declaration is intended to override a method declaration in a superclass. If a method is annotated with this annotation type but does not override a superclass method, compilers are required to generate an error message.(Introduce since JDK- 1.5 ).
• Readable: A Readable is a source of characters. Characters from a Readable are made available to callers of the read method via a CharBuffer. (Introduce since JDK- 1.5 ).
• Runnable: The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread. The class must define a method of no arguments called run. This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that wish to execute code while they are active. (Introduce since JDK- 1.0 ).
• SuppressWarnings: Indicates that the named compiler warnings should be suppressed in the annotated element (and in all program elements contained in the annotated element).(Introduce since JDK- 1.5 ). (** Following data taken form sun/java)

Q.95 What is the purpose of run-time class and system class?

Answer: Generally, Streams are a way of transferring and filtering information or use data in one form or another, however it is as input, output, or both. The sources of input and output can vary between a local file, a database, variables in memory, a socket on the network, or another program. Streams may be in between byte and character streams and various stream classes define into the java.io package, so stream are of two type:

• Input Stream
• Output Stream

Answer: For Clear the buffer following method is call:

• clear(): The position is set to zero, the limit is set to the capacity, and the mark is discarded.
• <flip(): The limit is set to the current position and then the position is set to zero.
• rewind(): The position is set to zero and the mark is discarded.

Answer: The StreamTokenizerclass takes an input stream and parses it into "tokens", allowing the tokens to be read one at a time. 

Answer: Serialization is the process of  transforming a data structure/object into a sequence of bits stream so that it can be stored in a memory buffer or file, or transmitted across a network while in case of Deserialization is the inverse process of reconstructing an object from a byte stream to the same state in which the object was previously serialized.

// Serialization code 
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream( “save.ser” );
ObjectOutputStream x =new ObjectOutputStream( out );
oos.writeObject( new Date() );
x.close();
//Deserialization code 
FileInputStream in =new FileInputStream( “save.ser” );
ObjectInputStream x = new ObjectInputStream( in );
Date d = (Date) ois.readObject();
x.close();

Answer: Applets are small applications that are accessed on an Internet server, transported over the Internet, automatically installed, and run as part of a Web document.

Answer: Following two method may be used

public java.net.URL getDocumentBase();
public java.net.URL getCodeBase();

Answer: Life cycle of an Applet totally dependent upon following four method which is:

publicvoidinit();
publicvoidstart();
publicvoidstop();
publicvoiddestroy();
//AverysimpleDemoofanAppletlife
packager4r.co.in;
importjava.applet.Applet;
importjava.awt.Color;
importjava.awt.Graphics;
publicclassAppletDemoextendsApplet{
StringBufferDemo;
publicvoidinit(){
Demo=newStringBuffer();
addItem("initializing/java//java/.");
		//initializinganapplet
}
publicvoidstart(){
addItem("startingofanapplet.");
		//startanapplet
}
publicvoidstop(){
addItem("stoppinganapplet.");
		//stopanapplet
}
publicvoiddestroy(){
addItem("Finallyunload.");
		//Freealltheresource
}
privatevoidaddItem(StringnewWord){
System.out.println(newWord);
Demo.append(newWord);
}
publicvoidpaint(Graphicsg){
g.drawRect(0,0,getWidth()-1,getHeight()-1);
		//Rectangulararea
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
		//Colorinapplet
g.drawString(Demo.toString(),10,15);
		//Displaythestringinsidetherectangle.
}
}

initializing/java//java/. 
starting of an applet. 

//Remaining two method call on closing the applet.

stopping an applet. 
Finally unload.

Answer: For such operation used small code which written in HTML file

<applet code="AppletDemo" width=300 height=100>
</applet>

Answer: The AppletStub interface is a way to get information from the run-time browser environment. The Applet class provides following methods:

• public abstract boolean isActive(): The isActive() method returns the current state of the applet.
• public abstract URL getDocumentBase(): The getDocumentBase() method returns the complete URL of the HTML file that loaded the applet.
• public abstract URL getCodeBase(): The getCodeBase() method returns the complete URL of the .class file that contains the applet.
• public abstract String getParameter(String name): The getParameter() method allows you to get parameters from <PARAM> tags within the <APPLET> tag of the HTML file that loaded the applet.
• public abstract AppletContext getAppletContext(): The getAppletContext() method returns the current AppletContext of the applet.The getAppletContext() method returns the current AppletContext of the applet.
• public abstract void appletResize(int width, int height): The appletResize() method is called by the resize method of the Applet class. (** Following data taken from JAVA AWT Reference( Chapter 14))

Answer: The getCodebase() method is used to establish a path to other files/folders that are in the same location as the class being run.

• URL getCodeBase(): Gets the base URL.
• URL getDocumentBase(): Gets the URL of the document in which the applet is embedded.

Answer: Following example is used

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>AppletDemoexample-callappletparameterfromHTMLfile</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<APPLETCODE="AppletDemo.class"WIDTH="500"HEIGHT="100">
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Answer: When an applet is executing some graphics using a thread, some color desolation will be happening, this is called as flickering.

Answer: The <param> tag is used to define parameters or variables for an object or applet element.

Answer: Three methods define the AudioClip interface:

• void play(): Starts playing this audio clip from the beginning.
• void loop(): Starts playing this audio clip in a continuously loop.
• void stop(): Stops playing this audio clip.

Answer:

getAppletInfo() method is used for returns information about this applet in the String form.

• (public String getAppletInfo())

getParameterInfo() method is used for returns information about the parameters that are understood by this applet in the array of Strings.

• ( public String[][]getParameterInfo())

Answer: JavaScript functions enable communication between two applets by receiving messages from one applet and invoking methods of other applets.

Answer: In Java, events represent the activity that happen between the user and the application. Here, Java’s Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) enable to communicates these actions to the programs using events. All the event belongs to

java.awt.*; package.

//Example for login page display mouse event(AxtionListener)
package r4r.co.in;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
class FrameClass extends javax.swing.JFrame implements ActionListener {
JButton Bu32;
JTextField tx1, tx2;
JLabel La11, La21;
FrameClass() {
JFrame fr = new JFrame("Login form in Swing");
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));
fr.setVisible(true);
fr.setSize(400, 200);
La11 = new JLabel("Username");
tx1 = new JTextField(15);
La21 = new JLabel("Password");
tx2 = new JTextField(10);
Bu32 = new JButton("Sign In");
panel.add(La11);
panel.add(tx1);
panel.add(La21);
panel.add(tx2);
panel.add(Bu32);
Bu32.addActionListener(this);
panel.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
fr.getContentPane().add(panel);
fr.show();
fr.setDefaultCloseOperation(fr.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
String str1 = tx1.getText();
String str2 = tx2.getText();
try {
if (str1.equals("r4r@techsoft") && str2.equals("r4r")) {
System.out.print("Welcome to R4R");
} else {
System.out.println("Please enter valid username and password");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print(e);
}
}
}
public class NewClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new FrameClass();
}
}

Answer: In java programming a listening is an object that is used to handle events. Main types of listener are:

1. ActionListener
2. FocusListener
3. WindowListener
4. MouseListener

   void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
   void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
   void mouseReleased(MouseEvent event)
   void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event)
   void mouseExited(MouseEvent event) 
   

5. KeyListener

   void keyPressed(KeyEvent event)
   void keyReleased(KeyEvent event)
   void keyTyped(KeyEvent event) 
   

6. MouseMotionListener

   void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
   void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) 
   

Answer: An adapter class which provides an empty implementation of all methods in an event listener interface ,e.g. consider a MouseMotionAdapter class has two method like mouseDragged( ) and mouseMoved( ) both method is empty but implement MouseMotionListener interface.

Answer: Main type of mouse event are:

• void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
• void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
• void mouseReleased(MouseEvent event)
• void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event)
• void mouseExited(MouseEvent event)

Q.116 What are the types of methods in mouse listeners ?

Answer:

• JFrame: A movable, resizable windows( as programmer required) with title bar and close button, and import three main package from Swing is:

  javax.swing.*;
  java.awt.*;
  java.event.*;  
  

• JPanel: Panel is define in internal region of JFrame, for regroup component while the panel is sub-level container.

  //ExampleforAddPanel(withtextfield,button)toFrame
  packager4r.co.in;
  importjava.awt.Color;
  importjavax.swing.JButton;
  importjavax.swing.JFrame;
  importjavax.swing.JPanel;
  importjavax.swing.JTextField;
  classFrameClassextendsJFrame{
  JButtonBu;
  JTextFieldtx;
  FrameClass(){
  JFramefr=newJFrame("FrameBarReady");
  JPanelpanel=newJPanel();
  fr.setVisible(true);
  fr.setSize(350,250);
  tx=newJTextField(10);
  panel.add(tx);
  Bu=newJButton("click");
  panel.add(Bu);
  panel.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
  fr.getContentPane().add(panel);
  fr.show();
  fr.setDefaultCloseOperation(fr.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  }
  }
  publicclassNewClass{
  publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
  JFrameframe=newFrameClass();
  }
  }
  

Answer: By default, a panel uses a FlowLayout() to lay out its components while a frame uses a BorderLayout() to lay out its Border.

Answer: A Scrollbar is a Component while Scrollpanel is a Container and handles its own events like own scrolling.

Answer: Following layout is:

• FlowLayout: left to right, top to bottom.
• BoxLayout and Boxes: horizontal ,vertical sequence of components.
• BorderLayout: north, east, south, west, and center areas.
• GridBagLayout: unequal sized grid.
• GridLayout: equal sized grid elements, another layout (which generally not in used) is SpringLayout.

Answer: A CardLayout object is a layout manager for a container, or treat each component as a card. Container act as a stack of card and visible a card at a time.

Q.122 What is the difference between menu item and checkbox menu item.

Answer: Vectors (java.util.Vector ) are commonly used instead of arrays, because they expand automatically when new data is added to them. Dictionary( java.util.Dictionary ) class is the abstract parent of Hashtable, which maps keys to values. Any object can be used as a key and/or value. This class implements a hashtable( java.util.Hashtable), which maps keys to values. Any non-null object can be used as a key or as a value. An instance of Hashtable has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. Property( java.util.Properties ) class represents a persistent set of properties. The Properties can be saved to a stream or loaded from a stream. Each key and its corresponding value in the property list is a string.

Answer: The java.util.Set interface and related implementations don't support duplicate elements.

Answer: Resource bundles contain locale-specific objects. Resource bundles are essentially text files, most common example is list of strings, because each string has a “key” to identify it, which is the same in all the different resource bundles. Resource bundles can allows you to write programs that can:

• easily localized, or translated, into different languages .
• handle multiple locales at once.
• be easily modified later to support even more locales.

Answer: An object that implements the Enumeration interface generates a series of elements, one at a time. Contain two main method:

• hasMoreElements(): Tests if this enumeration contains more elements returns boolean.
• nextElement(): Returns the next element of this enumeration if this enumeration object has at least one more element to provide return Object.

Answer: Swing is the primary Java GUI widget toolkit( Design by Sun Microsystems, Inc.) utilize for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for Java programs. Since Swing provides a native look and feel, also support a pluggable look and feel that allows applications to have a look and feel unrelated to the underlying platform. Major disadvantage of Swing is it provide emulates the look and feel of several platforms mean it's depend platform.

Answer:

Answer: Main Swing Component are:

• Buttons and Labels.
• Checkboxes and Radio Buttons.
• Lists and Combo Boxes.
• Borders.
• Menus.
• The PopupMenu Class
• The JScrollPane Class
• The JSplitPane Class
• The JTabbedPane Class
• Scrollbars and Sliders.
• Dialogs.

Answer: Tab Panes provide the ability to switch between various panels.

Answer: JTree is a method to display hierarchical data although it doesn't contain data while provide a simple view of data( JTree displays its data vertically). Each row displayed by the tree contains exactly one item of data, which is called a node.Each tree has a root node from which all nodes descend.

Answer:

//Example for login page.
package r4r.co.in;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
class FrameClass extends javax.swing.JFrame implements ActionListener
{
JButton Bu1;
JTextField tx1, tx2;
JLabel La1, La2;
FrameClass() {
JFrame fr = new JFrame("Login form in Swing");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
fr.setVisible(true);
fr.setSize(400, 200);
panel.setLayout(null);
La1 = new JLabel("Username");
tx1 = new JTextField(15);
La2 = new JLabel("Password");
tx2 = new JTextField(10);
Bu1 = new JButton("Sign In");
La1.setBounds(30, 10, 120, 30);
panel.add(La1);
tx1.setBounds(130, 10, 180, 30);
panel.add(tx1);
La2.setBounds(30, 70, 120, 40);
panel.add(La2);
tx2.setBounds(130, 70, 180, 30);
panel.add(tx2);
Bu1.setBounds(130, 120, 80, 30);
panel.add(Bu1);
Bu1.setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
Bu1.addActionListener(this);
panel.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
fr.getContentPane().add(panel);
fr.show();
fr.setDefaultCloseOperation(fr.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
String str1 = tx1.getText();
String str2 = tx2.getText();
try {
if (str1.equals("r4r@techsoft") && str2.equals("r4r")) {
NewPage page = new NewPage();
page.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("Welcome to R4R TECH SOFT");
page.getContentPane().add(label);
System.out.println("Welcome to R4R TECH SOFT"); //Its optional
} else {
NewPage page = new NewPage();
page.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("Please enter valid username and password");
page.getContentPane().add(label);
System.out.println("Please enter valid username and password");
//Its optional
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print(e);
}
}
}
public class LOGINFORM {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new FrameClass();
}
}
//Save this page as LOGINFORM.java
//NewPage open when condition is checked.
package r4r.co.in;
class NewPage extends javax.swing.JFrame {
NewPage() {
setTitle("Second page belongs to Login form in Swing");
setSize(300, 100);
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
//save this as NewPage.java

Display on your platform(optional call)
Welcome to R4R TECH SOFT

Please enter valid username and password